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In political geography, an ''enclave'' is a piece of land ''entirely'' surrounded by the territory of another equivalent-level entity (and only that entity).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=6 results for: enclave )〕 An ''exclave'' is a piece of land that is ''politically'' connected to a larger piece but not physically conterminous with it because the territory of other equivalent-level entity or entities ''entirely'' surround it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=4 results for: exclave )〕 Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves. In Pennsylvania, every county in the state, other than the counties of Fulton, Philadelphia, Pike and Union, contains at least one municipality surrounded completely by another municipality. While Pennsylvania's urban counties contain few enclaves due to municipal fragmentation, rural areas feature numerous enclaved municipalities. Many resulted from small town centers separating from their rural surrounding areas. There are at least 338 enclaves (that are not exclaves) in Pennsylvania comprising incorporated places and census-designated places (CDP) within other county subdivisions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =Pennsylvania County Subdivision Outline Maps )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =Pennsylvania County Subdivision Outline Maps )〕 Of these, 260 are boroughs (out of 957 in the state), 75 are CDPs (out of 749), two are townships (out of 1547) and one is a city (out of 57). Although each CDP is technically a part of the township(s) in which it is located, these two types of subdivision are considered to be distinct entities. Usually, the enclave (that is not an exclave) takes the form of a borough that is surrounded by the township of which it was originally a part, but other scenarios are possible, e.g., : *the borough of Mount Oliver is an enclave of the city of Pittsburgh; : *Pitcairn borough, of the municipality of Monroeville; : *Dale borough, of the city of Johnstown; : *Export borough, of the borough of Murrysville; : *both New Galilee and Homewood boroughs, of the borough of Big Beaver; : *the Lackawanna County township of Elmhurst, of Roaring Brook Township; : *the Tioga County township of Putnam, of Covington Township. ==Pennsylvania enclaves that are not exclaves== *Adams County * *Aspers, ''CDP'' * *Bendersville, ''borough'' * *Biglerville, ''borough'' * *Bonneauville, ''borough'' * *Fairfield, ''borough'' * *Hampton, ''CDP'' * *New Oxford, ''borough'' *Allegheny County * *Curtisville, ''CDP'' * *Mount Oliver, ''borough'' * *Pennsbury Village, ''borough'' * *Pitcairn, ''borough'' * *West View, ''borough'' *Armstrong County * *Dayton, ''borough'' * *Elderton, ''borough'' * *Rural Valley, ''borough'' * *Worthington, ''borough'' *Beaver County * *Darlington, ''borough'' * *Homewood, ''borough'' * *Hookstown, ''borough'' * *New Galilee, ''borough'' *Bedford County * *Bedford, ''borough'' * *Coaldale, ''borough'' * *Everett, ''borough'' * *Hyndman, ''borough'' * *New Paris, ''borough'' * *Pleasantville, ''borough'' * *Rainsburg, ''borough'' * *Saxton, ''borough'' * *Schellsburg, ''borough'' * *St. Clairsville, ''borough'' * *Woodbury, ''borough'' *Berks County * *Amity Gardens, ''CDP'' * *Bally, ''borough'' * *Centerport, ''borough'' * *Flying Hills, ''CDP'' * *Kutztown, ''borough'' * *Laureldale, ''borough'' * *Lenhartsville, ''borough'' * *Mohnton, ''borough'' * *Strausstown, ''borough'' *Blair County * *Bellwood, ''borough'' * *Martinsburg, ''borough'' * *Roaring Spring, ''borough'' * *Tipton, ''CDP'' * *Tyrone, ''borough'' *Bradford County * *Canton, ''borough'' * *Le Raysville, ''borough'' * *Monroe, ''borough'' * *Rome, ''borough'' * *Sylvania, ''borough'' * *Troy, ''borough'' *Bucks County * *Newtown, ''borough'' * *Richlandtown, ''borough'' * *Silverdale, ''borough'' * *Trumbauersville, ''borough'' * *Woodside, ''CDP'' *Butler County * *Bruin, ''borough'' * *East Butler, ''borough'' * *Fairview, ''borough'' * *Fox Run, ''CDP'' * *Harrisville, ''borough'' * *Karns City, ''borough'' * *Mars, ''borough'' * *Nixon, ''CDP'' * *West Sunbury, ''borough'' *Cambria County * *Dale, ''borough'' * *Ebensburg, ''borough'' * *Lilly, ''borough'' * *Loretto, ''borough'' * *Portage, ''borough'' - appears to touch Spring Hill CDP at a single point〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USGS National Map Viewer )〕 * *Spring Hill, ''CDP'' - appears to touch Portage borough at a single oint〔 * *University of Pittsburgh Johnstown, ''CDP'' * *Wilmore, ''borough'' *Cameron County * *Driftwood, ''borough'' * *Emporium, ''borough'' *Carbon County * *Beaver Meadows, ''borough'' *Centre County * *Bellefonte, ''borough'' * *Centre Hall, ''borough'' * *Coburn, ''CDP'' * *Howard, ''borough'' * *Julian, ''CDP'' * *Madisonburg, ''CDP'' * *Milesburg, ''borough'' * *Pine Glen, ''CDP'' * *Port Matilda, ''borough'' * *Rebersburg, ''CDP'' * *Sandy Ridge, ''CDP'' * *Spring Mills, ''CDP'' * *Stormstown, ''CDP'' * *Unionville, ''borough'' * *Woodward, ''CDP'' *Chester County * *Chesterbrook, ''CDP'' * *Honey Brook, ''borough'' * *Kennett Square, ''borough'' * *Toughkenamon, ''CDP'' * *West Grove, ''borough'' *Clarion County * *Callensburg, ''borough'' * *Knox, ''borough'' * *Shippenville, ''borough'' * *St. Petersburg, ''borough'' * *Strattanville, ''borough'' *Clearfield County * *Coalport, ''borough'' * *Curwensville, ''borough'' * *Grampian, ''borough'' * *Hyde, ''CDP'' * *Irvona, ''borough'' * *Mahaffey, ''borough'' * *Troutville, ''borough'' *Clinton County * *Avis, ''borough'' * *Loganton, ''borough'' *Columbia County * *Benton, ''borough'' * *Buckhorn, ''CDP'' * *Jamison City, ''CDP'' * *Jerseytown, ''CDP'' * *Jonestown, ''CDP'' * *Mainville, ''CDP'' * *Mifflinville, ''CDP'' * *Orangeville, ''borough'' * *Slabtown, ''CDP'' * *Stillwater, ''borough'' *Crawford County * *Adamsville, ''CDP'' * *Atlantic, ''CDP'' * *Cambridge Springs, ''borough'' * *Canadohta Lake, ''CDP'' * *Geneva, ''CDP'' * *Guys Mills, ''CDP'' * *Harmonsburg, ''CDP'' * *Hydetown, ''borough'' * *Lincolnville, ''CDP'' * *Linesville, ''borough'' * *Spartansburg, ''borough'' * *Springboro, ''borough'' * *Townville, ''borough'' *Cumberland County * *Mount Holly Springs, ''borough'' * *New Kingstown, ''CDP'' * *Newburg, ''borough'' * *Plainfield, ''CDP'' *Dauphin County * *Berrysburg, ''borough'' * *Dauphin, ''borough'' * *Elizabethville, ''borough'' * *Gratz, ''borough'' * *Halifax, ''borough'' * *Millersburg, ''borough'' * *Skyline View, ''CDP'' * *Williamstown, ''borough'' *Delaware County * *East Lansdowne, ''borough'' * *Lima, ''CDP'' *Elk County * *Johnsonburg, ''borough'' * *Ridgway, ''borough'' *Erie County * *Albion, ''borough'' * *Edinboro, ''borough'' * *McKean, ''borough'' * *Mill Village, ''borough'' * *North East, ''borough'' * *Union City, ''borough'' * *Waterford, ''borough'' *Fayette County * *Dunbar, ''borough'' * *Fairchance, ''borough'' * *Markleysburg, ''borough'' * *Ohiopyle, ''borough'' * *Perryopolis, ''borough'' * *Smithfield, ''borough'' * *Vanderbilt, ''borough'' *Forest County * *Tionesta, ''borough'' *Franklin County * *Greencastle, ''borough'' * *Mont Alto, ''borough'' * *Orrstown, ''borough'' *Greene County * *Jefferson, ''borough'' *Huntingdon County * *Alexandria, ''borough'' * *Cassville, ''borough'' * *Coalmont, ''borough'' * *Dudley, ''borough'' * *Orbisonia, ''borough'' * *Rockhill Furnace, ''borough'' * *Saltillo, ''borough'' * *Shade Gap, ''borough'' * *Shirleysburg, ''borough'' * *Three Springs, ''borough'' *Indiana County * *Armagh, ''borough'' * *Clymer, ''borough'' * *Commodore, ''CDP'' * *Creekside, ''borough'' * *Ernest, ''borough'' * *Marion Center, ''borough'' * *Plumville, ''borough'' * *Shelocta, ''borough'' * *Smicksburg, ''borough'' *Jefferson County * *Brockway, ''borough'' * *Reynoldsville, ''borough'' * *Summerville, ''borough'' *Juniata County * *McAlisterville, ''CDP'' * *Mexico, ''CDP'' * *Mifflin, ''borough'' * *Mifflintown, ''borough'' * *Thompsontown, ''borough'' *Lackawanna County * *Elmhurst Township, ''township'' *Lancaster County * *Lititz, ''borough'' * *Maytown, ''CDP'' * *New Holland, ''borough'' * *Strasburg, ''borough'' * *Terre Hill, ''borough'' *Lawrence County * *Bessemer, ''borough'' * *S.N.P.J. (''Slovenska Narodna Podporna Jednota'' (Slovene National Benefit Society)), ''borough'' *Lebanon County * *Myerstown, ''borough'' * *Schaefferstown, ''CDP'' *Lehigh County * *Alburtis, ''borough'' * *Ancient Oaks, ''CDP'' *Luzerne County * *Ashley, ''borough'' * *Bear Creek Village, ''borough'' * *Conyngham, ''borough'' * *Freeland, ''borough'' *Lycoming County * *Hughesville, ''borough'' * *Muncy, ''borough'' * *Salladasburg, ''borough'' *McKean County * *Eldred, ''borough'' * *Kane, ''borough'' * *Mount Jewett, ''borough'' * *Port Allegany, ''borough'' * *Smethport, ''borough'' *Mercer County * *Jackson Center, ''borough'' * *Sandy Lake, ''borough'' * *Sheakleyville, ''borough'' * *West Middlesex, ''borough'' *Mifflin County * *Belleville, ''CDP'' * *Juniata Terrace, ''borough'' * *Milroy, ''CDP'' * *Newton Hamilton, ''borough'' *Monroe County * *Brodheadsville, ''CDP'' * *Mountainhome, ''CDP'' *Montgomery County * *Hatfield, ''borough'' * *Narberth, ''borough'' * *North Wales, ''borough'' *Montour County * *Washingtonville, ''borough'' *Northampton County * *Chapman, ''borough'' * *Pen Argyl, ''borough'' *Northumberland County * *McEwensville, ''borough'' * *Mount Carmel, ''borough'' * *Sunbury, ''city'' * *Turbotville, ''borough'' *Perry County * *Blain, ''borough'' * *Bloomfield, ''borough'' * *Landisburg, ''borough'' * *Coudersport, ''borough'' *Schuylkill County * *Beurys Lake, ''CDP'' * *Deer Lake, ''borough'' * *Delano, ''CDP'' * *Friedensburg, ''CDP'' * *Girardville, ''borough'' * *Gordon, ''borough'' * *Heckscherville, ''CDP'' * *Hometown, ''CDP'' * *Lavelle, ''CDP'' * *Mahanoy City, ''borough'' * *McKeansburg, ''CDP'' * *Middleport, ''borough'' * *New Philadelphia, ''borough'' * *New Ringgold, ''borough'' * *Oneida, ''CDP'' * *Renningers, ''CDP'' * *Ringtown, ''borough'' * *Sheppton, ''CDP'' *Snyder County * *Beavertown, ''borough'' * *Freeburg, ''borough'' * *Middleburg, ''borough'' * *Paxtonville, ''CDP'' * *Troxelville, ''CDP'' *Somerset County * *Addison, ''borough'' * *Berlin, ''borough'' * *Boswell, ''borough'' * *Cairnbrook, ''CDP'' * *Central City, ''borough'' * *Davidsville, ''CDP'' * *Edie, ''CDP'' * *Friedens, ''CDP'' * *Indian Lake, ''borough'' * *Jennerstown, ''borough'' * *Meyersdale, ''borough'' * *New Centerville, ''borough'' * *Salisbury, ''borough'' * *Shanksville, ''borough'' * *Somerset, ''borough'' * *Stoystown, ''borough'' * *Ursina, ''borough'' - appears to touch Confluence borough at a single point〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= USGS National Map Viewer )〕 *Sullivan County * *Dushore, ''borough'' * *Eagles Mere, ''borough'' * *Laporte, ''borough'' *Susquehanna County * *Great Bend, ''borough'' * *Hallstead, ''borough'' * *Montrose, ''borough'' * *New Milford, ''borough'' * *Thompson, ''borough'' *Tioga County * *Knoxville, ''borough'' * *Liberty, ''borough'' * *Mansfield, ''borough'' * *Putnam Township, ''township'' * *Roseville, ''borough'' * *Tioga, ''borough'' * *Westfield, ''borough'' *Venango County * *Clintonville, ''borough'' * *Cooperstown, ''borough'' * *Seneca, ''CDP'' *Warren County * *Clarendon, ''borough'' * *Sheffield, ''CDP'' * *Sugar Grove, ''borough'' * *Youngsville, ''borough'' *Washington County * *Burgettstown, ''borough'' * *Claysville, ''borough'' * *West Middletown, ''borough'' * *Wolfdale, ''CDP'' *Wayne County * *Bethany, ''borough'' *Westmoreland County * *Adamsburg, ''borough'' * *Arona, ''borough'' * *Derry, ''borough'' * *Donegal, ''borough'' * *Export, ''borough'' * *Fellsburg, ''CDP'' * *Harrison City, ''CDP'' * *Herminie, ''CDP'' * *Hostetter, ''CDP'' * *Laurel Mountain, ''borough'' * *Ligonier, ''borough'' * *Millwood, ''CDP'' * *Seward, ''borough'' * *Youngstown, ''borough'' *Wyoming County * *Nicholson, ''borough'' *York County * *Dillsburg, ''borough'' * *East Prospect, ''borough'' * *Emigsville, ''CDP'' * *Franklintown, ''borough'' * *Glen Rock, ''borough'' * *Hallam, ''borough'' * *Jacobus, ''borough'' * *Loganville, ''borough'' * *New Salem, ''borough'' * *Stewartstown, ''borough'' * *Valley View, ''CDP'' * *Wellsville, ''borough'' * *Windsor, ''borough'' * *Winterstown, ''borough'' * *Yorkana, ''borough'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of enclaves in Pennsylvania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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